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Spirometers And What They Can Diagnose

By Marissa Velazquez


Doctors use spirometers to test air flow inhaled and exhaled through the lungs. This test is used for the diagnosis of breathing conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, and generally testing of lung capacity. It is also helpful in monitoring those who are being treated for existing lung conditions.

If a doctor suspects symptoms are caused by such conditions as pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, COPD, or asthma, a test may be ordered. For those who have been diagnosed with one of these conditions, this test can be used to see how effective medication is working and to make sure symptoms are under control.

Prior to taking the test one will need to avoid using inhaled or other medications. Loose clothing should be worn that will not constrict the ability to take a deep breath and one should avoid eating a large meal before testing so that breathing will be easier.

Before the test begins a soft clip will be placed on the nose to prevent air from escaping though it as well as a mouthpiece filter will be used to guard against contaminants. A deep breath will be taken and then exhaled as hard as is possible into the mouthpiece on the spirometer to test air flow. This can cause one to feel dizzy for a bit or have shortness of breath. One may be asked to repeat this three times to get an accurate reading.

Sometimes a person will be given inhaled medications after the first test to allow the lungs to open more. At least 15 minutes should pass before administering the second test. The tests will then be compared to see if there is an improvement in airflow. Overall the testing will take less than 15 minutes. The results will include a vital capacity (FVC) test to show the most amount of air that can be exhaled, and a forced expiratory volume (FEV-1) test to show how much air is exhaled in a second.

A spirometer test is used to diagnose and provide asthma management, detect respiratory disease for those who show symptoms of breathlessness, and to distinguish between respiratory conditions and cardiac disease. It can measure bronchial responsiveness or differentiate between an obstructive and a restrictive lung disease. It is used to assess the impairment from occupational asthma or identify risk from pulmonary barotrauma while scuba diving. It is also used for risk assessment before the administration of anesthesia or prior to cardiothoracic surgery. This test can measure the treatment of conditions that it detects and diagnose the dysfunction of vocal cords.

In order for this test to show accurate results, the patient needs to be cooperative. It can be used on children, but it is advised that they be at least 6 years of age or more. It is not a good test for those who are heavily sedated, have limited respiratory effort, are unconscious, or cannot understand the instructions.

Spirometers are an invaluable instrument for checking lung function while doing rigorous exercise, to check for hyper-responsiveness to the inhalation of either cold or dry air, for bronchial challenge testing, and when using medications such as methacholine or histamines.




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