CMS pulse oximeters refer to pieces of equipment utilized to do pulse oximetry. This type of oximetry is a noninvasive technique for assessing the levels of saturation of O2 gas in human body. This device was first developed by a physician named Glenn Allan Millikan around 1940s. This first equipment operated on 2 wavelengths and was put on the ear. The 2 wavelengths were green and red filters.
This original model was later improved by some physician called Wood in 1949. Wood incorporated a pressure capsule for squeezing blood out of the ear to get zero setting in an attempt to get absolute Oxygen saturation level. The present models work on the same principals as the original one. The working principal was however difficult to implement due to unstable light sources and photocells.
Oximetry itself was first developed in 1972 by two bioengineers, Kishi and Aoyagi at Nihon Kohden. These two used the ratio of red to infrared light absorption of pulsating parts at measuring spots. Commercial distribution of the oximeter happened in 1981 through a company called Biox. At that time, the device was mostly used in operating rooms and companies that produced it focused most of their marketing in the same direction.
Oximetry is a vital noninvasive technique of establishing the quantity of oxygen in blood. It applies a pair of tiny LEDS, light emitting diodes facing face a photodiode through some translucent body tissue. Examples of translucent body parts used are earlobes, toe tips, and fingertips. One LED is infrared while the other is red. The red diode is normally 660 nm whereas the infrared diode is 910, 940, or 905 nm.
The absorption rate of the two wavelengths varies between the deoxygenated and oxygenated forms of oxygen in blood. The difference in absorption rate can be used to calculate the ratio between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood O2. The signal observed changes over time with every heart beat because arterial blood vessels contract and expand with every heartbeat. The monitor is able to ignore other tissues or nail makeup by monitoring only the changing section of the absorption spectrum.
By observing the varying absorption section alone, the blood oxygen monitor only displays the percentage of arterial hemoglobin in oxyhemoglobin configuration. Patients without COPD but with hypoxic drive issues have a reading that ranges between 95 and 99 percent. Those with hypoxic drive issues normally have values that range between 88 and 94 percent. Usually figures of 100 percent may suggest carbon monoxide poisoning.
An oximeter is usable in many environments and applications where oxygenation of a person is unstable. Among the major environments of use consist of ward and hospital settings, surgical rooms, cockpits in un-pressurized airplane s, recovery units, and intensive care units. The disadvantage of these equipment is that it can only measure the percentage of saturation of blood hemoglobin and not ventilation. Hence therefore, it is not a full evaluation of respiratory sufficiency.
CMS pulse oximeters come in many varieties. Some are cheap costing a few dollars while others are very complex and expensive. They can be obtained from any store that deals with such pieces of equipment.
This original model was later improved by some physician called Wood in 1949. Wood incorporated a pressure capsule for squeezing blood out of the ear to get zero setting in an attempt to get absolute Oxygen saturation level. The present models work on the same principals as the original one. The working principal was however difficult to implement due to unstable light sources and photocells.
Oximetry itself was first developed in 1972 by two bioengineers, Kishi and Aoyagi at Nihon Kohden. These two used the ratio of red to infrared light absorption of pulsating parts at measuring spots. Commercial distribution of the oximeter happened in 1981 through a company called Biox. At that time, the device was mostly used in operating rooms and companies that produced it focused most of their marketing in the same direction.
Oximetry is a vital noninvasive technique of establishing the quantity of oxygen in blood. It applies a pair of tiny LEDS, light emitting diodes facing face a photodiode through some translucent body tissue. Examples of translucent body parts used are earlobes, toe tips, and fingertips. One LED is infrared while the other is red. The red diode is normally 660 nm whereas the infrared diode is 910, 940, or 905 nm.
The absorption rate of the two wavelengths varies between the deoxygenated and oxygenated forms of oxygen in blood. The difference in absorption rate can be used to calculate the ratio between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood O2. The signal observed changes over time with every heart beat because arterial blood vessels contract and expand with every heartbeat. The monitor is able to ignore other tissues or nail makeup by monitoring only the changing section of the absorption spectrum.
By observing the varying absorption section alone, the blood oxygen monitor only displays the percentage of arterial hemoglobin in oxyhemoglobin configuration. Patients without COPD but with hypoxic drive issues have a reading that ranges between 95 and 99 percent. Those with hypoxic drive issues normally have values that range between 88 and 94 percent. Usually figures of 100 percent may suggest carbon monoxide poisoning.
An oximeter is usable in many environments and applications where oxygenation of a person is unstable. Among the major environments of use consist of ward and hospital settings, surgical rooms, cockpits in un-pressurized airplane s, recovery units, and intensive care units. The disadvantage of these equipment is that it can only measure the percentage of saturation of blood hemoglobin and not ventilation. Hence therefore, it is not a full evaluation of respiratory sufficiency.
CMS pulse oximeters come in many varieties. Some are cheap costing a few dollars while others are very complex and expensive. They can be obtained from any store that deals with such pieces of equipment.
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